P.C. BSc/ PB BSC First Year Biochemistry and Biophysics Important Question – INC SYLLABUS
Biochemistry
LONG ESSAYS (10 MARKS)
How is blood glucose regulated? Add a note of diabetes mellitus
Describe the classification of amino acids with examples
Describe glycogen metabolism
Describe the formation of uric acid and add a note on Gout
Classify enzymes. Discuss various factors affecting enzyme activity
Write in detail about glycogen metabolism
Explain factors affecting enzyme activity
Write a note on glucose tolerance test. how blood glucose is regulated and explain
Describe the pathway of anaerobic glycolysis. Add a note on its energetic
Describe the beta oxidation of fatty acid. Add a note on its energetics
Give an account of digestion and absorption of carbohydrates
Define oxidative phosphorylation. Describe the components of Electron Transport Chain
Describe protein biosynthesis
Describe the regulation of blood sugar level
What are enzymes. Outline their classification giving an example
Give an account of the digestion and absorption of proteins
Describe the regulatory mechanism of water balance and abnormalities associated with it.
Describe the classification of carbohydrate with example
Discuss the formation of glucose form lactate
Name the ketone bodies. Discuss ketogenesis and ketolysis
Describe pentosephosphate pathway. Add a note on its significance
SHORT ESSAYS (FIVE MARKS)
Important compounds derived from cholesterol
Glycogenesis and its regulation
Factors affecting enzyme activity
Reactions of urea cycle
Difference between RNA and DNA
Classify lipoproteins and write their functions
Functions and sources of sodium
What are iso-enzymes? Describe their diagnostic importance with one example
What are plasma proteins? Mention their functions
What are peptides? Biological importance of peptides
Structure and function of cholesterol
Lipoproteins
Plasma protein. Name any five and give their functions
Clinical application of serum enzymes
Secondary structures of protein
Gout
Urea cycle
Classification and functions of lipoproteins
Biomedical importance of lipids
Factors affecting enzyme activity
Function of water in body
Write a note on Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)
Define enzyme. Explain competitive inhibition with suitable enzymes
Structure and functions of cholesterol
Define gluconeogenesis and mention its significance
Give account of digestion of proteins
Transamination and its significance
Structure and functions of homopolysaccharides
Water balance
Atherosclerosis
Give an account of digestion and absorption of lipids
Function and distribution of water in the body
Enzymes in the diagnosis of mycocardial infarction
Absorption of glucose tolerance test
Ketoproteins
Difference between glycogen and starch
Post translational modifications in proteins
Gluconeogenesis and its regulation
Structure and functions of t-RNA
Diagnostically important enzymes
Hormonal regulation of blood glucose levels
Digestion of fats
Discuss uric acid formation
Discuss the regulatory mechanism of water balance
Hexose monophosphate shunt
Rennin-angiotensin mechanism
Sub cellular organelles of a cell and their functions
Pellagra
Different structural organization of proteins
Polysaccharide
SHORT ANSWERS (2 MARKS)
Components of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex
Essential fatty acids
Two functions of plasma proteins
Normal levels of a. total protein. B. creatinine in blood
Benedict’s test
Name bile acids and write their role in digestion
Give normal serum levels for a. sodium, b. potassium. C. calcium. D. urea
Name four compounds derived from cholesterol
Name the ketone bodies
Essential fatty acids
Mitochondria
Give the normal serum levels of a. cholesterol. B. uric acid
Name any three electrolytes and their normal values
Hyperglycemia
What is denaturation of protein
List down four examples of chemical waste generated in a hospital
What is Gout
Dietary fibers
Zwitter ion
Normal level of a. blood urea. B. serum calcium
Name ketone bodies and test for detection of ketone bodies
Define glyconeogenesis
Substrate level phosphorylation with one example
Importance of uronic acid pathway
Normal levels of albumin and cholesterol in serum
Two inhibitors of the electron transport chain with their site of action
Components of the fatty acid synthase complex
Essential aminoacids
Normal level of a. uric acid b. calcium in blood
Glycosuria
Functions of albumin
Ribosomes
Give the normal serum level of a. sodium b. potassium
Fatty liver
Protein denaturation
Cori cycle
Normal level of a. bilirubin b. uric acid
BIOPHYSICS
LONG ESSAYS
What is stable isotope and radio isotope? Name any two methods of preparation of Radio isotope and their application in medical practice
What is the normal audio frequency range of normal human ear? Explain the relation between frequency, velocity and wavelength. Write a note on audiometry
State coulomb’s inverse square law. What is meant by electric potential and potential difference. Write note on resting potential and action potential
What is meant by resistance, effort and efficiency of a machine? Explain the different kinds of simple machine
Discuss the application of pressure in nursing
What is the principle of ECG? Explain how ECG is taken and tracings are interpreted
Distinguish between conduction convection and radiation
Explain how to determine density of urine using urinometer
List the applications of light in human body
Explain atmospheric pressure and hydrostatic pressure
Explain brain pace maker
Describe types of thermometers. Explain why mercury is a preferred thermometer liquid
Explain biological effects of light
Explain the term force, work and energy. Mention their units. Explain the principles of machines
Explain regulation of body temperature and application of heat heat transfer in the body. What temperature on the celcius scale corresponds to body temperature of 98.6 degree celcius on the Fahrenheit scale? Convert 30 degree celcius to Kelvin
State Newton’s Law of Gravitation. Explain the effects of gravity on human body and its applications in nursing
Explain the expansion of solids, liquid and gases
Discuss visual defects of human eye
Discuss physiological effects of heat
Explain radioactivity. Write the uses of radioactive isotopes in medicine
Explain the terms current. Voltage and resistance. Write their units of measurement. State ohm’s law and explain
What is the normal audio frequency range of human ear? Explain relation between frequency, velocity and wavelength of sound waves
Describe types of thermometers. Explain why mercury is a preferred thermometer liquid
Explain biological effects of light
Explain the term force, work and energy. Mention their units. Explain the principles of machines
Explain regulation of body temperature and application of heat transfer in the body. What temperature on the celcius scale corresponds to body temperature of 98.6 celcius on the Fahrenheit scale? Convert 30 degree celcius to Kelvin
State and explain pascal’s law. How this law finds its applications in the measurements of blood pressure. Explain the construction and working of sphygmomanometer
State and explain Newton’s laws of motion? List the clinical applications of gravity in nursing
Explain Newton’s three laws of notion with example. Define velocity and acceleration with example
Define radioactivity. What are the properties of radioactive radiation? Mention the application of radioisotopes in medical practice
State the laws of reflection. What is refraction of light and what is the refractive index of glass. Write a note on photo therapy in medical practice
What are X-rays? How are they produced? What are the properties and uses of X-rays in medical practice
SHORT ESSAYS
State and explain the Newton’s law of motion
Define velocity, acceleration and acceleration due to gravity. mention their units
Explain the principle, construction and working of an Autoclave.
Write a note on use of X – rays in clinical practice
Name the defects of vision. How they are corrected?
Explain duality of light. Define frequency, amplitude, velocity and wavelength of a light wave.
Explain the terms velocity and acceleration
Write a note on astigmatism and cataract
What is relative humidity? Explain regulation of body temperature
Write a note tomography
What are the applications of gravity in nursing? Explain any two application
What is osmosis? Explain osmotic pressure
What is noise pollution? How it can be prevented
Define frequency and wavelength obtain the relation between energy, frequency and wavelength of light
What is pacemaker? Explain its application
What is normal blood pressure
Why woolen clothes are preferred in winter?
What is an inclined plane?
Convert 50 degree celcius to corresponding temperature in Kelvin
Explain the effects of electricity on human body
Explain centrifuge and its uses
Explain the forces acting on human body
How body temperature is regulated?
State laws of reflection and refraction
Write a note on ECG and EMG
What are the advantage and disadvantage of friction?
Explain cardiac pace maker
What are the clinical uses of radio isotopes
What are the defects of vision? How are they corrected?
Explain short wave diathermy
Discuss calorimeter – design and principle
What are types of errors
What is ultrasound? Give it uses
Explain: friction
What are scalar and vector quantities
What are density and specific gravity
Write a note on vocalization and hearing
Discuss law of conservation of energy
What are X-rays? How they are produced? Give its uses
List the types of temperature scales and explain clinical thermometer in detail
Mention the types of heat transmission with suitable examples
List the applications of light in nursing
Define energy and its types with suitable example
What is the normal value of arterial and venous blood pressure? How will you measure arterial blood pressure by non-invasive technique
Write a note on body temperature regulation
Define ultrasonic waves and its clinical applications
What is a pacemaker and where is it used
Draw a neat diagram of Lead – II ECG and label its parts
Explain the effects of electricity on human body
Explain centrifuge and its uses
Explain the forces acting on human body
How body temperature is regulated?
State laws of reflection and refraction
What are the advantages and disadvantages of friction?
Explain cardiac pace maker
What are the clinical uses of radio isotopes
What are the defects of vision? How are they corrected
What is lever? Mention different types of levers with example
Explain the difference between stable isotope and radioactive isotope
Write a note on cardiac pacemaker
Explain how the density of urine is measured using urine meter with diagram
Use of ultrasonic waves in medical practice
What are the defects of vision? How they are rectified
What are the applications of gravity in nursing
Define ohm’s law and explain
Name any 2 properties of radio isotope and their application in medical practice
SHORT ANSWERS
Why ice floats on the surface of water? Explain
Gravity affects circulation of blood. Explain
What are the uses of ultrasonic waves?
Steam burn is more injurious than that due to boiling water.
Write the different isotopes of uranium and hydrogen
Define commercial unit of electrical energy
Give one example for potential energy and kinetic energy
Define work
Define uniform velocity and acceleration
What are systolic and diastolic
Define electric current and election potential
What is defibrillation
What is audiometry
Define specific heat. Give its unit
Differentiate kinetic and potential energy
What is displacement? Give its unit
What is relative humidity
Why white cotton clothes are preferred in summer?
What is the least count of vernier calipers?
Distinguish between potential energy and kinetic energy
What are isotopes
Define ocular and intracranial pressure
Convert 98.6 degree F (normal body temperature) into centigrade scale
Define speed and velocity
What is laser
Give the relation between energy and wavelength
What is systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Convert 1.5 Ton to kilogram
Intracranial pressure
Simple machine
Insulators
With examples, explain an electrical insulator and a conductor
Write a note of CAT scan
What is the normal ocular pressure
What is the value of normal atmospheric pressure at sea level? Write the composition of normal air.
Define specific heat. Give its unit
What is displacement? Give its unit
What is relative humidity
Why white cotton clothes are preferred in summer
What are the modes of transmission of heat give one example for each
Two uses of X-rays in medicine
Write a note on radiation
Why white clothes are preferred in summer
Under water, exercise are advised for patients suffering from joint pain and dislocations
Name three orders of lever with example
Define blood pressure and give its normal values
Give two examples of use of heat in sterilization
Write the units of force in CGS system and MKS system
Explain Newton’s second law of motion with example
Give any two uses of ultrasound
List different types of heat transfer mechanism
